Revista de Psihologie: 2010, t. 56, nr. 3-4
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Revista de Psihologie
(Journal of Psychology)
Vol 56, Nr. 3-4, 2010Rev. Psih., vol. 56, nr. 3-4, p. 185–365, Bucureşti, iulie - decembrie 2010
View / Download Journal Contents - Volume 56 (3-4) 2010 in PDF format
SUMAR / Contents
STUDII SI CERCETARI
- ANDREEA ERNST-VINTILĂ, Contrainte, éducation, transformation des «mentalités». Quelques apports de la théorie des représentations sociales à l’étude de l’efficacité des lois (185 - 196)
- NICHOLAS A. KUIPER, JENNIFER KUINDERSMA, Imagery and emotion components of event descriptions about self and various others (197 - 207)
- IRINA KHRAMTSOVA, PATRICIA GLASCOCK, Outcomes of an integrated journaling and mindfulness program on a US university campus (208 - 218)
- CATHERINE LEITE, NICHOLAS A. KUIPER, Positive and negative self-worth beliefs and evaluative standards (219 - 230)
- ALIZA CARMEL, SHULAMITH KREITLER, The cognitive orientation of aggressive behavior in school children (231 - 242)
- MARKUS SOMMER, GERNOT SCHUHFRIED, MIHAI ANIŢEI, MIHAELA CHRAIF, A model of driving tests battery validation(243 - 250)
- ŞTEFAN C. LIŢĂ, The role of decision sciences in tackling complex organisational issues (251 - 260)
- EVONN WELTON, SHERNAVAZ VAKIL, Enhancing the development of dispositions in pre-service teacher preparation programs (261-268)
- VLAD-PETRE GLĂVEANU, The self in social psychology: towards new perspectives (269 - 283)
- BOZHIDAR DIMITROV, The Brave New World of electronics and the well-being of our children (284 - 290)
- MARIA NEAGOE, CĂTĂLIN ANDREI NEAGOE, Problema cogniţiei în psihologie. V ( 291 - 303)
- CAMELIA POPA, GEORGETA PREDA, Construcţia identităţii profesionale a studenţilor muzicieni (304 -312)
CONTRIBUŢII METODOLOGICE
- VIRGINIA ROTĂRESCU, Operotropismul – necesitate opţională în psihoterapie (destinanaliză şi destinterapie – studiu de caz) (313 -320)
- IULIANA OPREA, Model de intervenţie cognitiv-comportamentală în tulburarea obsesiv-compulsivă. Dermatilomania (321 - 330)
ISTORIA PSIHOLOGIEI
- FLORICA DUMITRESCU, Concepţia despre personalitatea umană în psihologia românească – perioada interbelică ( 331 - 341)
- GRIGORE NICOLA, ADRIAN PRISĂCARU, Măsura în ştiinţă şi în istoria psihologiei (342 - 348)
CRITICĂ ŞI BIBLIOGRAFIE
- DOINA-ŞTEFANA SĂUCAN, AURORA LIICEANU, MIHAI IOAN MICLE, Încălcarea legii ca stil de viaţă. Vulnerabilitatea adolescenţilor la criminalitate, Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Române, 2009, 272 p. (Gr. Nicola) (349 - 350)
- ADRIAN NECULAU, Un psiholog în agora, Iaşi, Editura Polirom, 2010, 195 p. (Aurora Liiceanu) (351 - 354)
- EUGENIA ENĂCHESCU, Comunicarea în mediul educaţional, Bucureşti, Editura Aramis, 2008, 240 p. (Bogdan Ionescu) (355 - 358)
- MIHAI IOAN MICLE, Climatul organizaţional, factor de progres în raportul motivaţie – performanţă, Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Române, 2009, 244 p. (Ana Maria Marhan) (359 -360)
IN MEMORIAM
- HORIA D. PITARIU, 1939–2010 (Nicolae Jurcău) (361 - 362)
INDEX ALFABETIC, 2010
Index 1; Index 2; Index 3 (363 - 365)
REZUMATE / Abstracts
CONTRAINTE, ÉDUCATION, TRANSFORMATION DES «MENTALITÉS». QUELQUES APPORTS DE LA THÉORIE DES REPRÉSENTATIONS SOCIALES À L’ÉTUDE DE L’EFFICACITÉ DES LOI
ANDREEA ERNST-VINTILĂ∗
Résumé. Cet article propose au lecteur quelques apports de la théorie des représentations sociales à l’étude de l’efficacité des lois, qui lui permettront, en même temps, de réfléchir au changement des mentalités dans la société contemporaine française. L’auteur suggère une approche analytique qui s’intéresse à l’évolution des représentations sociales en interdépendance de la loi, de la norme et de la pratique sociale.
Cuvinte-cheie: teoria reprezentărilor sociale, drept, mentalităţi şi schimbare socială.
Mots-clés: théorie des représentations sociales, droit, mentalités et changement social.
IMAGERY AND EMOTION COMPONENTS OF EVENT DESCRIPTIONS ABOUT SELF AND VARIOUS OTHERS
NICHOLAS A. KUIPER, JENNIFER KUINDERSMA∗
Abstract. Imagery and emotion have been identified as two of the main component systems of autobiographical events. It is not yet known, however, whether a primary focus on either the self or others may have an impact on these components. To investigate this issue, half of the participants in this study provide a real and made-up event description about themselves, and half provide descriptions about a well-known other. In addition, all participants generated a made-up event description about an unfamiliar other. In accord with predictions generated from a multiple-system model, real events received higher visual detail, imaginability, and positive emotion ratings than made-up events. This pattern was also evident for a novel measure of imagery, in which real events were rated as being much more dynamic than made-up events. However, contrary to theoretical positions which postulate a special enhanced role for self-referent information processing, the selfdescriptive events were not rated as being easier to imagine and did not have more positive emotions or visual detail, than descriptive events about well-known others. This pattern suggests that efficient cognitive schemata may be involved in the processing of information about both the self and wellknown others. In contrast, descriptions of an unfamiliar other received lower imagery and emotionality ratings, suggesting that less well-differentiated cognitive structures are involved in component processing for these individuals.
Cuvinte-cheie: imagerie (imagistică), emoţie, sine-altul, real-inventat.
Key words: imagery, emotion, self-other, real made-up.
OUTCOMES OF AN INTEGRATED JOURNALING AND MINDFULNESS PROGRAM ON A US UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
IRINA KHRAMTSOVA, PATRICIA GLASCOCK∗
Abstract. The goal of the present study was to implement and investigate a positive psychology program based on journaling and mindfulness on a US campus. As a result of this program, there was a statistically significant increase in mindfulness among the participants. Qualitative analysis of verbal responses revealed that all participants perceived the sessions as beneficial for relaxation, peace of mind, and increase in positive thoughts and emotions. Thus, journaling and mindfulness techniques can be successfully incorporated into college life to increase psychological well-being of student population, reduce stress, and improve overall college atmosphere.
Cuvinte-cheie: jurnalizare, atenţie/grijă, stare psihologică de bine, sporirea gândurilor şi emoţiilor pozitive.
Key words: journaling, mindfulness, psychological well-being, enhancing positive thoughts and feelings.
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SELF-WORTH BELIEFS AND EVALUATIVE STANDARDS
CATHERINE LEITE, NICHOLAS A. KUIPER∗
Abstract. This study examined several different types of self-worth beliefs and evaluations as predictors of depression and self-esteem. Based upon a self-schema model of emotion, some of these beliefs and evaluations had a traditional negative focus (e.g., “I am failing at work”), whereas others focused specifically on positive aspects of self-worth (e.g., “I am able to give, as well as receive, in relationships”). Findings indicated that positive self-worth evaluations were one of the main predictors of greater self-esteem and less depression, thus indicating a need for further exploration of the role of positive evaluative components of the self-schema on psychological well-being. Our findings also revealed that self-worth beliefs and evaluative standards pertaining to independence and a sense of mastery over one’s environment were generally better predictors of well-being than those pertaining to relationships with others. This pattern was particularly evident for self-esteem, and supports the distinction made in the self-schema model between self-worth based upon individualism versus relatedness themes. Finally, we compared the relative predictive utility of the self-schema model with a self-worth contingency model advanced by Crocker. Here, the beliefs and evaluations specified in the self-schema model were significant predictors of well-being, above and beyond the specific content domains specified in the self-worth contingency model.
Cuvinte-cheie: evaluările valorii de sine, depresie, stimă de sine.
Key words: self-worth evaluations, depression, self-esteem.
THE COGNITIVE ORIENTATION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN SCHOOL CHILDREN
ALIZA CARMEL, SHULAMITH KREITLER∗
Abstract. The purpose was to construct and test a tool for assessing the motivation for aggression in elementary school children. The cognitive orientation questionnaire of aggression in children (COAC) was developed in the framework of the cognitive orientation theory (Kreitler, 2004) which describes how cognitive contents and processes shape motivations and behaviors. The CO-AC is a forced-choice self-report tool. In study 1 it was tested in a sample of 186 children of both genders in the 4th to 7th grade. Aggressiveness was assessed by teachers’ ratings and peers sociometric nominations. In study 2 a short version of the CO-AC was tested in a sample of 44 children of both genders in the 4th to 7th grade in the Scouts’ youth movement. The measures of aggression were the guides’ ratings, direct observations of physical aggression incidents and sociometric nominations. The CO-AC has satisfactory reliability and validity. It differentiated significantly between aggressive and non-aggressive children in terms of mean scores and discriminant analysis. The studies showed that motivation for aggression is a matrix of varied beliefs referring to five major factors of self focus, toughness, action orientation, immediacy and cautious distrust of others.
Cuvinte-cheie: motivaţie, agresivitate, elevi, orientare cognitivă.
Key words: motivation, aggression, school children, cognitive orientation.
A MODEL OF DRIVING TESTS BATTERY VALIDATION
MARKUS SOMMER, GERNOT SCHUHFRIED∗, MIHAI ANIŢEI, MIHAELA CHRAIF∗∗
Abstract. Designing a driving test battery is the most secure way to predict the driver behavior before obtaining driver license. The objective is to design a psychological test battery to predict the driving behavior of the potential drivers. The participants were 106 persons, both male and female, age between 18 and 45 years old (M=34.4, 4; S.D. =1.32), different levels of education. The validity criterion has been selected according the driving tasks during driving on the road. Thus, the value of the test reveals the fact that the model has a strong predictive value for the chosen criteria.
Cuvinte-cheie: criteriu, predictori, test tahicoscopic, test de determinare.
Key words: criteria, predictors, tachitoscopic test, determination test.
THE ROLE OF DECISION SCIENCES IN TACKLING COMPLEX ORGANISATIONAL ISSUES
ŞTEFAN C. LIŢĂ*
Abstract. Starting from the point that many organisational issues can be observed through the decisionmaking lens, the present paper attempts to prove that Decision Sciences provide a broad conceptual, methodological and practical approach useful in tackling both tactical and strategic organisational dilemmas. The paper has three main objectives: (1) to provide a conceptual delimitation regarding decision sciences and strategic management, (2) to investigate the role played by some specific key terms in understanding the meaning of these two concepts, and (3) to discuss how decision sciences could enrich the field of strategy. The paper ends with the conclusion that decision-making expertise represents a fundament to the development and optimisation of any institution and the understanding and use of decision sciences truly has the potential to improve organisational performance.
Cuvinte-cheie: ştiinţe decizionale, management strategic, performanţă organizaţională.
Key words: decision sciences, strategic management, organisational performance.
ENHANCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISPOSITIONS IN PRE-SERVICE TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMS
EVONN WELTON, SHERNAVAZ VAKIL∗
Abstract. As inclusive practices have become more widespread, it is necessary for all educators to have knowledge and skills in the area of special education so that the needs of all students were met in the classrooms. Therefore many universities across the United States added a course about disabilities/ special education into their curriculum requirements for all education students. Currently, the University of Akron requires all teacher preparation candidates to complete an introductory course in special education to better prepare them to meet the needs of individuals with disabilities in the classroom. This article presents a unique approach by including an individual with autism to present to the class his experiences in school. The first hand interactions with this presenter has proven to be among the most effective methods for establishing positive dispositions while dispelling many of the stereotypes, which the university students may have regarding this population.
Cuvinte-cheie: programe de formare iniţială a cadrelor didactice, cerinţe educative speciale, atitudine pozitivă.
Key words: pre-service teacher preparation, special education, positive dispositions.
THE SELF IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: TOWARDS NEW PERSPECTIVES
VLAD-PETRE GLĂVEANU∗
Abstract. Interrogations about the self are as ancient as humankind and the “who am I?” question seems to have travelled across historical times only to be posed more acutely than ever in our postmodern age. This essay will start by reviewing definitions of the self as well as the main problems psychologists are confronted with when theorizing the self. I will argue, in supporting the vision of the self as being a social structure, that both tendencies to “individualize” and “discursify” fail to acknowledge the intersubjective nature of the self and its genesis within me–other relations. This particular approach will be further developed by connecting the self to the social context of representations, attributions and culture. In the end, the notion of “synergetic self” will be introduced and developed with an emphasis on its dynamic, transformative, emergent and creative dimensions. I will explain how this new standpoint manages to overcome old dichotomies in the psychology of selfhood and to offer a truly social and contextual account of the self.
Cuvinte-cheie: self, abordarea individualistă, abordare discursivă, intersubiectivitate, cultură, reprezentări, atribuiri, sinergie.
Key words: self, individualistic approach, discursive approach, intersubjectivity, culture, representations, attributions, synergy.
PROBLEMA COGNIŢIEI ÎN PSIHOLOGIE. V
MARIA NEAGOE*, CĂTĂLIN ANDREI NEAGOE**
Abstract. The main idea of this study is that representation forms a central concept in cognitive psychology, sciences and neuroscience, being an inherent link to these objects’ concern. Therefore, the theorization and the understanding of this concept from this point of view is an imperative. The work here constitutes a step to a thorough analysis of representation and covers the following aspects: the arguments that form the basis of representation in psychology, cognitive sciences and neuroscience; the large spectrum of the major defining perspectives and ways of approaching
representation; its current-usage conceptualization in philosophy, traditional psychology, developmental psychology, and other psychological fields of study.
Cuvinte-cheie: cogniţie, psihologie cognitivă, reprezentare, reprezentare simbolică.
Key words: cognition, cognitive psychology, representation, symbolic representation.
THE BRAVE NEW WORLD OF ELECTRONICS AND THE WELL-BEING OF OUR CHILDREN
BOZHIDAR DIMITROV∗
Abstract. This study is a review over the results of the researches made on the effects of the new electronic technologies on children. The behavioral problems developed by the children whose mothers were using regularly mobile phones during their pregnancy were: 25% more risk from emotional problems; 35% more risk from difficult relationships with peers and chances to become hyperactive; 50% more proneness to problems with conduct. The children who use frequently the mobile phones develop problems as headache, fatigue, difficulties in concentration, vertigo/dizziness, attention disorders, nervousness, changes in the sleep architecture etc. Not just the use of new gadgets create problems, but also social networking websites as Facebook, Twitter etc. are said to shorten attention span, encourage instant gratification and make young people more self-centered. Starting from these researches from around the world, it is very necessary that also Balkan countries to make studies on the impact of new communication technologies.
Cuvinte-cheie: telefoane mobile, noi tehnologii de comunicaţie, ADHD, reţele de socializare.
Key words: mobile phones, new communication technologies, ADHD, social networking.
CONSTRUCŢIA IDENTITĂŢII PROFESIONALE A STUDENŢILOR MUZICIENI
CAMELIA POPA, GEORGETA PREDA∗
Résumé. Cette recherche longitudinale a l’objectif de surprendre la structuration des traits de personnalité du musicien roumain, pendant sa formation universitaire. À la fin des études, on examinera l’impact des actions formatives-éducatives sur le répertoire des traits de personnalité, en utilisant le même questionnaire el le même groupe des étudiants. La finalité pratique de cette recherche peut être l’optimisation de formation universitaire, en soutenant les formateurs d’apprendre.
Cuvinte-cheie: personalitate, identitate profesională, educaţie.
Mots-clés: personnalité, identité professionnelle, éducation.
OPEROTROPISMUL – NECESITATE OPŢIONALĂ ÎN PSIHOTERAPIE (DESTINANALIZĂ ŞI DESTINTERAPIE – STUDIU DE CAZ)
VIRGINIA ROTĂRESCU∗
Abstract. This work attempts to approach theoretical and practical concept of Leopold Szondi about the genesys and the assessement of psychological life disorders. Destiny psychology supplies a method of education and therapy conceived as a tool of assistence. It is based on the pathology of unconscious analyses aiming at the individual’s humanization. The case study is an example of L. Szondi’s methodology by the moment the destiny-therapy ends by the professional choice. The recovery comes when the subject is aware of the existential possibilities and appropriate choice.
Cuvinte-cheie: psihologia destinului, destinterapie, operotropism.
Key words: fate psychology, fate terapy, professional choice.
MODEL DE INTERVENŢIE COGNITIV-COMPORTAMENTALĂ ÎN TULBURAREA OBSESIV-COMPULSIVĂ. DERMATILOMANIA
IULIANA OPREA∗
Abstract. Dermatillomania is an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder consisting of body focused repetitive behavior. Patients compulsively pick their own skin as a stress release and a coping mechanism for anxiety. There is not many research or information on dermatillomania so it can be very difficult for a patient to find specific treatment or support. A structured CBT protocol can provide both patients and professionals a set of usefull methods and techniques for a better understanding and treatment approach.
Cuvinte-cheie: obsesiv-compulsiv, dermatilomanie, terapie cognitiv-comportamentală.
Key words: obsessive-compulsive, dermatillomania, CBT.
CONCEPŢIA DESPRE PERSONALITATEA UMANĂ ÎN PSIHOLOGIA ROMÂNEASCĂ – PERIOADA INTERBELICĂ
FLORICA DUMITRESCU∗
Abstract. The purpose of the article is to highlight the way the Romanian psychology approached the human personality concept between the two world wars. The concept of human personality, although not used as such, has the idea of individuality, of human being, as its equivalent. It used to be in relation with the Ego. Its components are basically the temperament and the character. The contribution of the academic staff is consistent, yet distinct. Its consistency is the consequence of the superior theoretical standard in accordance with the most recent research in the field at that time. While at the University in Bucharest, C. Rădulescu-Motru assigned a philosophical value to personality and inclination inside “the system of the energetic personalism” and of the “theory of the elites”, the Department in Cluj was represented by D. Todoranu who achieved a unitary conception about temperament in accordance with a corresponding diagnostic methodology and also by N. Margineanu whose research culminated in a synthetic and encyclopedic academic approach to human person.
Cuvinte-cheie: personalitate, temperament, caracter.
Key words: personality, temperament, character.
MĂSURA ÎN ŞTIINŢĂ ŞI ÎN ISTORIA PSIHOLOGIEI
GRIGORE NICOLA∗, ADRIAN PRISĂCARU∗∗
Abstract. The measurement is a central dimension of evolution and progress in culture-cuvilization fusion. Psychology, a scientific field with “long past and short history” has adopted traditional methodology of “direct” and “mediated” measurement, approching today, without inhibition, evaluation of human performances and potentialities.
Cuvinte-cheie: măsură, măsurare, civilizaţie şi cultură, fizic şi psihic, performanţă şi potenţial.
Key words: measure, measurement, civilization and culture, physics and psychic scales, performance and potential